Seeing thin vertical lines running from the base of your fingernails to the tips can be surprising, especially as they become more noticeable after 40. In most cases, these lines are completely normal and linked to aging rather than illness. Vertical nail ridges are a common, harmless change.

Much like skin develops fine lines over time, nails also reflect the body’s natural aging process. These lines, known as longitudinal ridges, run from the cuticle to the tip. Nails are made primarily of keratin, and smooth growth depends on consistent cell production in the nail matrix.

As we age, the nail matrix beneath the cuticle may slow down, leading to slightly uneven keratin layering. This change can create visible ridges along the nail surface. The process is gradual and typically not a cause for concern.

Dryness often makes ridges stand out more, since aging nails tend to retain less moisture. Frequent handwashing, sanitizer use, and exposure to harsh cleaning products can strip away natural oils, increasing their visibility.

Lifestyle and internal factors may also influence nail texture. Mild nutritional gaps, circulation changes that affect nutrient delivery, and hormonal shifts can all play a role in how nails grow and appear.

If ridges develop suddenly or are accompanied by discoloration, pain, or other symptoms, consulting a healthcare professional is wise. Otherwise, simple care—regular moisturizing, wearing gloves during chores, gentle filing, staying hydrated, and maintaining a balanced diet—is usually enough. For most people, vertical ridges are simply a normal part of aging.