On February 27, 2026, United Airlines updated its Contract of Carriage, making headphone use mandatory when playing audio or video on personal devices during flights. This contract is a legally binding agreement outlining travel conditions, and the new rule places headphone use under Rule 21, the “Refusal of Transport” section.

Under this update, passengers who play audio without headphones can be denied boarding, removed from a flight, or even banned from future travel. Previously, the airline only encouraged headphone use, but now it is a strict, enforceable rule. United said it “has always encouraged customers to use headphones,” but the rise of streaming—helped by Starlink Wi-Fi—made stricter enforcement necessary.

Compared to competitors like Delta Air Lines and Southwest Airlines, United goes further. While others ask passengers to “please use earbuds or headphones,” they generally don’t tie this behavior to penalties or removal.

Rule 21 also includes other disruptive behaviors, such as failing safety instructions or actions that “‘cause a malodorous condition’ or are unlawful, indecent, offensive, abusive, or disruptive.” The goal is to reduce disturbances in crowded cabins, where loud audio is a common complaint. Crew members often had to remind passengers repeatedly, so this rule gives them clearer authority.

The policy allows exceptions for disabilities and offers free earbuds if available. Still, some critics say banning passengers over headphones may be too strict. Others call it “a long-overdue formalization of what polite travelers already do.”

Overall, the change reflects modern travel habits and increasing in-flight streaming. By making headphone use contractual, United aims to improve comfort and reduce conflicts, while other airlines may watch to see if similar rules become standard.